Борьба с дороговизной и обеспечение населения товарами первой необходимости в городах Западной Сибири в годы Первой мировой войны

Abstract

In article based on a wide range of sources development of food matter in the Siberian cities in the conditions of war, the reasons of high cost and speculation, a measure of fight against it, creation by the cities of own production enterprises is considered. Article purpose - to research activities of the government power and bodies of the municipal government in the sphere of providing the population with essential goods in Siberia in 1914-1918. The author determined the high cost reasons: frustration of means of communication (lack of transportation of products to the cities); increase in a tax burden, speculation, military orders, intensive release of bank notes that depreciated ruble. In article measures for organization of provincial (district) food committees, city commissions, entering of regulation of the prices, a card system, import bans and commodity exportation, to implementation of independent purchases, truck farming, crops, requisitions and surplus-appropriation systems are researched. It is established that there was no debugged system of entering of dachshunds, and in view of their scantiness goods disappeared from the consumer market, interruptions in products began, the underground markets, speculation and abuses in the sphere of food developed. It is emphasized that the card system on prime necessities (sugar, flour) was ineffective. In the conclusion conclusions are drawn that the state intervention in economy, the constraining and prohibitive measures gave only temporary effect. In many cities cases of mass actions needy against high cost and interruptions in products, riots of warehouses, benches and shops were repeatedly observed. In 1915-1918 process of "turning" by entrepreneurs of trading activities and closing of the entities sharply amplified. The cities of Siberia weren't ready to fuel crisis. The situation in the potrebitelny market remained difficult and was stabilized only in 1919. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o.