MONOGENIC CAUSES OF NON-OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA: CURRENT INSIGHTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Male infertility is a multifactorial condition encompassing diverse underlying disorders. Among these, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) accounts for 60% of azoospermia cases and is a significant cause of infertility. Despite its prevalence, the genetic factors contributing to NOA remain largely unexplored. This review analyzes the monogenic causes of NOA based on literature available from 2012 to 2022, focusing on key genetic mutations, particularly in the TEX11 gene, and their impact on spermatogenesis. It aims to enhance understanding of the genetic basis of NOA, address critical knowledge gaps, and highlight the potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.