Revealing the Role of Export Structure for Human Development

Abstract

The article examines the impact of different categories of export on the Human Development Index (HDI) using panel data for 164 countries from 2011 to 2021. We apply a one-way autoregressive fixed-effect model with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors due to spatial dependence and time lags. The study confirms the idea about the significance of country specialization on particular category of products in combination with other trade elements including export diversification and trade participation. The results affirm the hypothesis that export of agricultural products, energy, industrials and consumer goods and services affects human development level with different intensity.