Variants of reconstruction of stationary dwellings of end of Bronze Age - Beginning of the Iron Age in the Western Siberian Taiga

Abstract

The article presents variants of graphic reconstructions of stationary tree-earth dwellings constructed by fishermen and hunters of the West Siberian taiga at the end of the Bronze Age - the Early Iron Age (12th century BC - III century AD). During this period, ground constructions of a frame-column structure with a ground part in the form of a truncated pyramid, with inclined walls of poles and thin logs, and with a shallow (0,2-0,4 m) rectangular pit that occupied the main part of the building continued to be built. The base of the walls of the dwelling was not installed in a sand pit, trimmed with wood, but on a small (0,8-1,5 m) distance from it. At the same time, similar structures appeared without foundation pit, dwellings with vertical log walls, fortified pillars, and houses with walls of a log structure. Each building was surrounded by a sandy mound of earth ("zavalinkа") and drainage pits-ditches. Ordinary dwellings had an area of 30-70 m2, and their height from the floor did not exceed 2,5 m. Large (200-650 m2) single timbered "fortified dwellings" were protected by ditches and sometimes - defensive walls. Small semi-dugouts were used mainly as economic objects, extremely rarely - as industrial and residential premises. © 2018 Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan, A.Kh. Khalikov Archaeology Institute. All rights reserved.