Climate Policy and Ecological Modernization Processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia

Abstract

The article examines the climate policy of Russia and Kazakhstan in the period between the years 1990 and 2020. The position of the countries during the international negotiations on the formation of global climate regimes, the causes and factors affecting foreign and domestic climate policy are analyzed. The main actions and institutional changes in Russia and Kazakhstan aimed at the achievement of climate commitments are considered as well. Moreover, the key national programs on ecological modernisation of farms are discussed. The ecaluationt of the development level of various instruments of climate policy in both countries is provided. In conclusion the comparative scheme of climate activities in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, designed by the authors, is presented. © The Authors, Published by EDP Sciences.