Possibilities and Limitations of ICP-Spectrometric Determination of the Total Content of Tin and Its Inorganic and Organic Speciations in Waters with Different Salinity Levels—Part 2: Separate Determination of Inorganic and Organic Speciations of Tin

Abstract

In this study, determination of the inorganic and organic forms of tin in waters of different salinities is considered. The possibility of the separation of speciations of tin using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE); precipitation with fluorides, iodides, ammonia, and iron (III) chloride; and sorption of organotin compounds (OTCs) was studied. The LLE and analyte precipitation methods proved to be ineffective. Inorganic and organic forms of tin were separated by the sorption of OTCs using silica gel sorbent Diapak C18. Under optimized conditions, a technique for the separate determination of the forms of tin in natural waters was developed. The technique combines hydride generation and microwave mineralization of solutions followed by ICP spectrometry. The inorganic forms of tin were determined after their solid-phase separation from organotin compounds. The lower limits of analyte quantification were 0.03 μg/L (ICP-MS) and 0.05 μg/L (ICP-OES), which provide separate determinations of inorganic and organic forms of tin in waters with different salinities. The content of OTCs in water was determined by subtracting the inorganic concentration from the total concentration of tin. The technique will allow a comprehensive assessment of the toxicological impact of tin speciations on the aquatic ecosystem. © 2023 by the authors.