Основные тренды динамики биоразнообразия после природных и антропогенных «катастроф» в ельниках европейской части России

Abstract

The natural mechanism of the decay of the spruce stands, as the final stage of the dynamics of spruce phytocenoses in the European part of Russia, is realized by massive windthrows, fires or bark-beetle outbreaks. The main basic laws of biodiversity change are considered depending on the main factors of disturbances after natural and anthropogenic catastrophes. Three main directions of the task are proposed. 1. Intensity of phytocenosis disturbance after natural and man-made catastrophes. 2. Increase in biodiversity: species richness and structural diversity. 3. Reforestation after catastrophic disturbances. An example of spruce vegetation dynamics after bark-beetle outbreak is considered. Preservation of deadwood and windfall areas of spruce forests leads to a natural course of reforestation, preserving forest phytocenoses, changing only the ratio of dominant species at the stand. In place of pure spruce stand will come mixed forest, typical for coniferous-broad-leaved forests of the Moscow region.