Перспективы использования кормовых растений в условиях европейского Северо-Востока России

Abstract

Summary. The article sum up the results of introductory study of some representatives of the Botanical Garden’s collection fund of fodder plants of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural’s Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To perspective species of complex use, recommended for cultivation in the North, appertain: Helianthus tuberosus which is plant growing to 200–215 cm, with the mass of tubers about 1,5–4,0 kg/m2 and the aboveground mass up to 8 kg/m2; Silphium perfoliatum is a perennial plant with a shoot height of more than 200 cm and the aboveground mass about 6–9 kg/m2, the leaf coverage about 40–50 % and the protein content up to 23 % in absolutely dry matter; Rhaponticum carthamoides and Serratula coronata with an overhead crop yield of up to 4–5 kg/m2 and seed productivity of 30–60 g/m2. The content of ekdisteroids in absolutely dry substance is 0,44–1 % in the Rhaponticum carthamoides and 1,0–1,2 % in the Serratula coronata; Galega orientalis is a perennial, highly productive, stable, capable of self-renewing of agrocenosis and valuable, as a precursor, due to the foliar nitrogen fixation of plants; Bunias orientalis is characterized by winter hardiness up to 98 %, resistance to diseases and pests, longevity up to 6–8 years, biomass yield of 4–5 kg/m2, leaf coverage up to 40 %, protein content in wet weight the above-ground mass up to 21 % and annual formation of fertile seeds; Aconogonon weyrichii is characterized by longevity of plantation about 50 years and more, productivity of the above-ground mass up to 8 kg/m2 annually and seed efficiency of 50–100 g/m2.