Картографический анализ пространственной структуры и фрагментации растительного покрова

Abstract

Fragmentation and actual forest pattern assessment is necessary for resource management and for biodiversity conservation. Highly informative are the results of research on the vegetation dynamics by comparing geobotanical maps compiled at different times. As a result of investigation discuss fragmentation indexes and forest pattern metric characteristics evaluated by using actual electronic geobotanical map of Tatarstan (scale 1:200 000), M. V. Markov’s (1944) geobotanical map and geostatistic methods. When comparing the quantitative integral indicators of the forest pattern, a sharp increase in the number of patchs is observed due to the forest fragmentation; a decrease in the average area of the patchs of natural formations (spruce, oak and pine forests); an increase in the areas of aspen and birch forests. For assessing the state of vegetation cover, the index of variability and the index of disturbance of forest vegetation were used, calculated as the ratio of the area of conditionally indigenous and long-derived forest patchs to the area of short-derived forests and to the cultivated plantations area, respectively. Calculations of the fractal dimension and other coefficients characterizing the shape of the pattern revealed that these indicators indirectly reflect the intensity and duration of the anthropogenic load on the territory.