Принципы макрорайонирования растительного покрова России

Abstract

Macrozoning is designed to display geographical regularities of vegetation cover in the vast spaces of Russia. It can be done in two ways. The first is geobotanical zoning reveals the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation associated with its genesis and ecology. The second – botanicalgeographical zoning has a mainly applied focus, revealing the originality phytohores of certain geohores. In basis of the botanical-geographical zoning are geohores of different dimensions allocated by the method of physico-geographical zoning. A special type of zoning is landscapeecological zoning, in which abiotic characteristics are considered as environmental factors. The article discusses the system of units of botanical-geographical zoning, in which geobotanical and landscape characteristics of the regions are taken into account. Each region reflects the phytocoenotic and floristic features of vegetation, which are influenced by climatic conditions, geomorphological structure, uniqueness of sediments and soils. In Russia there are four climatic belts and five geographic zones are divided into subzones. Zones are divided into five sectors, coinciding with the physical-geographical countries, on the basis of changes in the hydrothermal gradient in the direction from the ocean to the continent. Within the sectors in each zone are distinguished botanical and geographical region, characterized by the peculiar geomorphological structure and vegetation. The proposed system of units of the botanical-geographical macrozoning has determined the content of the new textbook «The vegetation cover of Russia».