Теоретические, институциональные и этические основания реализации современной промышленной политики

Abstract

The article substantiates the importance of industrial policy as one of the basic institutions shaping the institutional environment of any country. We demonstrated that institutional factors for accelerating the processes of social and economic development are more important for the Russian economy than for the world economy. We revealed institutional innovations in scientific support of implementing industrial policy priorities. In modern conditions, the basic institution of development is fundamental science. From these positions we analysed institutional innovations in the field of fundamental science. Then we described the innovations that allow industrial policy’s tools to maintain the direction of development. This direction is defined and shaped not only by «big challenges», but public needs, too. The analysis demonstrated that nowadays industrial policies around the world aim to support the development of digital technologies. We considered the stages of the digital economy’s development. Then, we hypothesised that a particularly important consequence of digital transformation is the formation of the prerequisites for changing the entire system of social relations defining the state’s institutional framework and industrial policy’s economic content. We emphasised that the development of the sharing economy (as one of the new trends in the world economic development) will significantly influence the change of industrial policy’s priorities and tools. The analysis of the use of the industrial policy’s tools in Russia showed the effectiveness of using the Industrial Development Fund (IDF). Furthermore, we structured the expected conceptual changes of the terms for concluding Special Investment Contracts (SIC). The analysis of the distribution of loans from IDF and SIC revealed a large discrepancy between the activities of the regions in obtaining the aforementioned loans. We noted there is a high probability of unpredictable consequences of digital technologies not only in the economic development of society, but also in the possible transformation of the universal «lifeworld». Finally, we emphasised that in the context of the digital state’s formation, the search for a balance between technological and moral and ethical aspects in the processes of implementing industrial policy becomes urgent. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Показана значимость промышленной политики как одного из базовых институтов, формирующих общую институциональную среду любого государства. Выявлены институциональные новации в научном обеспечении реализации приоритетов промышленной политики. Рассмотрено формирование цифровой экономики. Проведен анализ распределения займов Фонда развития промышленности и специальных контрактов. Предложена корректировка инструментов реализации федеральной и региональной промышленной политики России.