Горизонтальный перенос энтомопатогенных грибов эктопаразитоидом Habrobra conhebetor

Abstract

Experiments were carried out on the laboratory system Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera, Piraliidae) — Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenopera, Braconidae) — Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). We found that contamination of H. hebetor ovipositor with low titers of conidia B. bassiana and following envenomation of G. mellonella larvae led to mycoses followed by host colonization and conidia formation. In addition H. hebetor females transmitted fungal conidia from infected (6 hours post inoculation with conidia) to native G. mellonella larvae, and this transmission led to successful mycosis of native host larvae. The decreasing of cellular and humoral immune reactions, significant increasing of adhesion and germination of fungus on cuticle of envenomated larvae were registered. As result susceptibility of envenomated G. mellonella larvae to fungal infection was increased in thousands times compared with native control. Thus the paralyzation and strong inhibition of immune reactions of larvae by venom of H. hebetor allow minimize quantity of transmitting with parasitoid fungal inoculum. We assumed that «paralyzing» parasitoids can take part in transmission of entomopathogenic fungi particularly in out-of-the-way places (shelters) as well as disperse of fungal infection under low density of hosts.