Животноводство Среднего Урала в 1953–1964 годах

Abstract

В статье исследуются проблемы развития животноводства в 1953–1964 гг. в одном из наиболее индустриально развитых регионов Урала – Свердловской области (на Среднем Урале). Осуществлен анализ динамики численности поголовья основных видов скота во всех категориях хозяйств. Использованы материалы фондов Государственного архива Свердловской области и Центра документации общественных организаций Свердловской области. Источниковую базу дополнили статистические справочники и энциклопедические издания по Уралу и Свердловской области. В исследуемый период времени регион постепенно преодолевал тяжелое наследие сталинского периода, поголовье сельскохозяйственных животных существенно увеличилось. Наиболее значимые показатели были достигнуты в птицеводстве. Сделан вывод, что в исследуемый период животноводство Среднего Урала не смогло обеспечить удовлетворение потребностей его населения.

The article examines the problems of livestock development in one of the most industrialized regions of the Urals – the Sverdlovsk region (Middle Urals). The topic of the article is relevant, since animal husbandry plays an important role in the national economy, largely providing the population not only with food and raw materials for the food industry, but also with medicines, fur, leather, wool, down, and finally, draft power. An analysis was made of the dynamics of the number of livestock of the main types of livestock in all types of farms in the Middle Urals in 1953–1964. When writing the article, the author used materials from the funds of the leading archives of the region – the State archive of the Sverdlovsk region (SASR) and the Center for documentation of public organizations of the Sverdlovsk region (CDPOSR). Various statistical reference books and encyclopedic publications on the Urals and the Sverdlovsk region also served as a source base for writing the article. It is argued that by the beginning of the 20th century, the Middle Urals already had a well-developed livestock sector for its time. It is stated that in the period under study, the country gradually overcame the heavy legacy of Stalinist totalitarianism, implemented very significant economic projects, and carried out a reform of the management of the national economy. Attention is focused on the fact that neither the First world war nor the Civil war had a significant impact on the number of livestock in the Middle Urals. It is proved that, perhaps, the most significant positive moment of the studied period in the Sverdlovsk region was the fairly rapid development of poultry farming. An input is made that in the study period, as in all other periods without exception, the region’s animal husbandry could not meet the needs of its population.