Демографический потенциал арктических районов: особенности формирования

Abstract

Цель данной статьи заключается в анализе формирования человеческого потенциала в районах Арктики с распределением населения на городское и сельское, коренное и пришлое, а также по этнической структуре, во взаимосвязи с развитием нефтегазовой и горнодобывающей отраслей. Приводятся данные по динамике численности и структуры населения районов Арктики в период с 1989 по 2019 гг. Подчеркивается роль как природно-климатического фактора в жизнедеятельности пришлого населения, так и роль промышленного освоения территорий в жизни коренного населения. Обозначены положительные и отрицательные стороны реализации региональных целевых программ.

The discovery of mineral deposits in the Arctic regions, as a rule, sparsely populated, led to a migratory influx of people from other territories of the country and its rapid growth at the initial stage of construction and preparation for the development of mineral deposits. Because of this process, a skeleton of cities and workers’ settlements was formed, where the newcomer population associated with the development of natural resources was concentrated. Indigenous peoples were in a difficult situation in the areas of their traditional residence, as they were subjected to serious tests during industrial development, which had a negative impact on their reproduction and economic activity. Particularly intense growth was in the number of newcomers, some of which over time became entrenched residents. This growth was in areas of development of oil and gas resources. As a result of this process, currently the human potential of natural resource territories is structurally represented by an indigenous, rooted and alien population with different attitudes in their social and economic activities.