Алкалофильные и алкалотолерантные мицелиальные грибы в почвах: разнообразие, филогения, особенности физиологии

Abstract

The present work addresses the diversity, phylogeny and some physiology characters of filamentous fungi recovered from the soils around the basins of soda lakes in Russia (West and South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tanzania, and Kenya. Obligate and facultative alkaliphilic isolates, along with strong alkalitolerants, appeared to be overrepresented within families Plectosphaerellaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Pleosporaceae, as well as in Emericellopsis lineage. Sodiomyces alkalinus, S.tronii, S.magadii, Acrostalagmus luteoalbus, Chordomyces antarcticum, Verticillium zaregamsianum (Plectosphaerellaceae), Emericellopsis alkalina (Hypocreales), Thielavia sp. (Chaetomiaceae), and Alternaria sect. Soda (Pleosporaceae) grew best at high ambient pH (>8). Phylogenetic analyses show that alkaliphilic fungi have a polyphyletic origin and occupy different ecological niches. These fungi may be promising producers of commercially valuable metabolites, but also as model systems for studying the alkaliphilic phenomenon in eukaryots.